🌿 Concept:Development of male and female gametophytes🌿
Q1. The male gametophyte in angiosperms is
A. Ovule
B. Embryo sac
C. Pollen grain
D. Anther
Answer: C
Explanation: Pollen grain represents the male gametophyte.
Q2. Microsporogenesis refers to
A. Formation of pollen grains from microspore mother cells
B. Formation of ovules
C. Formation of megaspores
D. Fusion of gametes
Answer: A
Explanation: Microsporogenesis produces microspores (pollen grains).
Q3. Microspore mother cells undergo
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Amitosis
D. Endomitosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Meiosis leads to haploid microspores.
Q4. Each microspore mother cell produces
A. 2 pollen grains
B. 3 pollen grains
C. 4 pollen grains
D. 8 pollen grains
Answer: C
Explanation: Meiosis produces four haploid microspores.
Q5. Pollen grains are released at which stage?
A. One-celled
B. Two-celled
C. Three-celled
D. Multicellular
Answer: B
Explanation: Most angiosperms shed pollen at the two-celled stage.
Q6. Exine of pollen grain is made up of
A. Cellulose
B. Lignin
C. Sporopollenin
D. Cutin
Answer: C
Explanation: Sporopollenin is extremely resistant.
Q7. Sporopollenin is resistant to
A. High temperature
B. Strong acids
C. Enzymes
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: It is one of the most resistant organic materials.
Q8. Germ pore is associated with
A. Intine
B. Exine
C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm
Answer: B
Explanation: Germ pore is a thin area in exine.
Q9. The vegetative cell of pollen grain
A. Forms male gametes
B. Produces pollen tube
C. Degenerates
D. Forms ovule
Answer: B
Explanation: Vegetative cell develops into pollen tube.
Q10. Generative cell divides to form
A. Two synergids
B. Egg and polar nuclei
C. Two male gametes
D. Pollen tube
Answer: C
Explanation: It forms two male gametes.
Female Gametophyte (Megasporogenesis & Embryo Sac)
Q11. The female gametophyte is called
A. Ovule
B. Embryo sac
C. Nucellus
D. Megaspore
Answer: B
Explanation: Embryo sac represents the female gametophyte.
Q12. Megasporogenesis occurs in
A. Anther
B. Ovary
C. Nucellus
D. Style
Answer: C
Explanation: Megaspore mother cell lies in nucellus.
Q13. Megaspore mother cell undergoes
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Amitosis
D. Endomitosis
Answer: B
Explanation: Meiosis forms haploid megaspores.
Q14. Number of megaspores formed from MMC
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: D
Explanation: Meiosis produces four megaspores.
Q15. Functional megaspore in angiosperms is usually
A. Uppermost
B. Lowermost
C. All four
D. Two
Answer: B
Explanation: Only the chalazal megaspore remains functional.
Q16. Polygonum type embryo sac is
A. 4-nucleate
B. 6-nucleate
C. 7-celled, 8-nucleate
D. 8-celled, 7-nucleate
Answer: C
Explanation: Typical angiosperm embryo sac structure.
Q17. Egg apparatus consists of
A. Egg + 2 polar nuclei
B. Egg + 2 synergids
C. 3 antipodals
D. Central cell
Answer: B
Explanation: Located at micropylar end.
Q18. Synergids help in
A. Nutrition
B. Pollen tube guidance
C. Fertilization
D. Embryo development
Answer: B
Explanation: Filiform apparatus guides pollen tube.
Q19. Antipodal cells are found at
A. Micropylar end
B. Chalazal end
C. Middle
D. Ovary wall
Answer: B
Explanation: They lie opposite the micropyle.
Q20. Central cell contains
A. Egg nucleus
B. Two polar nuclei
C. Synergids
D. Antipodals
Answer: B
Explanation: Polar nuclei fuse to form secondary nucleus.
Pollination – Types
Q21. Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is called
A. Fertilization
B. Germination
C. Pollination
D. Double fertilization
Answer: C
Explanation: Basic definition of pollination.
Q22. Self-pollination within the same flower is
A. Geitonogamy
B. Xenogamy
C. Autogamy
D. Allogamy
Answer: C
Explanation: Autogamy = same flower.
Q23. Pollination between different flowers of same plant is
A. Autogamy
B. Xenogamy
C. Geitonogamy
D. Cleistogamy
Answer: C
Explanation: Functionally cross, genetically self.
Q24. True cross-pollination is
A. Autogamy
B. Geitonogamy
C. Xenogamy
D. Cleistogamy
Answer: C
Explanation: Between different plants.
Q25. Cleistogamous flowers ensure
A. Cross-pollination
B. Self-pollination
C. Wind pollination
D. Water pollination
Answer: B
Explanation: Flowers never open.
Agencies of Pollination
Q26. Pollination by wind is called
A. Entomophily
B. Hydrophily
C. Anemophily
D. Zoophily
Answer: C
Explanation: Anemo = wind.
Q27. Wind-pollinated flowers usually have
A. Large petals
B. Sticky pollen
C. Light, dry pollen
D. Nectar
Answer: C
Explanation: Light pollen travels easily.
Q28. Example of wind-pollinated plant
A. Pea
B. Wheat
C. Salvia
D. Lotus
Answer: B
Explanation: Grasses are anemophilous.
Q29. Pollination by insects is called
A. Anemophily
B. Entomophily
C. Zoophily
D. Hydrophily
Answer: B
Explanation: Entomo = insects.
Q30. Insect-pollinated flowers generally have
A. No fragrance
B. Bright colors
C. No nectar
D. Dry pollen
Answer: B
Explanation: Attract insects.
Q31. Example of entomophilous plant
A. Maize
B. Vallisneria
C. Sunflower
D. Coconut
Answer: C
Explanation: Sunflower attracts insects.
Q32. Pollination by water is called
A. Hydrophily
B. Zoophily
C. Anemophily
D. Entomophily
Answer: A
Explanation: Hydro = water.
Q33. Example of hydrophilous plant
A. Lotus
B. Vallisneria
C. Sunflower
D. Pea
Answer: B
Explanation: Classic NCERT example.
Q34. Vallisneria shows
A. Epihydrophily
B. Hypohydrophily
C. Both
D. None
Answer: A
Explanation: Pollination occurs on water surface.
Q35. Sea grasses show
A. Epihydrophily
B. Hypohydrophily
C. Anemophily
D. Zoophily
Answer: B
Explanation: Pollination occurs underwater.
Adaptations & Related Concepts
Q36. Long feathery stigma is adaptation for
A. Insects
B. Water
C. Wind
D. Birds
Answer: C
Explanation: Traps wind-borne pollen.
Q37. Pollen grains in hydrophily are
A. Sticky
B. Heavy
C. Covered with mucilage
D. Winged
Answer: C
Explanation: Prevents wetting.
Q38. Which prevents self-pollination?
A. Cleistogamy
B. Dichogamy
C. Homogamy
D. Autogamy
Answer: B
Explanation: Different timing of sex organ maturity.
Q39. Protandry means
A. Gynoecium matures first
B. Androecium matures first
C. Both mature together
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation: Male matures earlier.
Q40. Protandry is a type of
A. Autogamy
B. Cleistogamy
C. Dichogamy
D. Xenogamy
Answer: C
Explanation: Temporal separation.
Q41. Pollen viability is highest in
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Members of Rosaceae
D. Cereals
Answer: C
Explanation: Pollen viable for months.
Q42. Tapetum provides
A. Protection
B. Nutrition
C. Mechanical support
D. Water
Answer: B
Explanation: Nutritive layer of anther.
Q43. Callose is deposited around
A. Microspores
B. MMC
C. Pollen tube
D. Ovule
Answer: B
Explanation: Protects MMC during meiosis.
Q44. Pollen tube enters ovule through
A. Chalaza
B. Funiculus
C. Micropyle
D. Integument
Answer: C
Explanation: Porogamy.
Q45. Most common type of embryo sac development is
A. Bisporic
B. Tetrasporic
C. Monosporic
D. Polysporic
Answer: C
Explanation: Polygonum type.
Q46. Which cell degenerates in embryo sac?
A. Egg
B. Synergids
C. Antipodals
D. Polar nuclei
Answer: C
Explanation: Antipodals are short-lived.
Q47. Male gametophyte becomes functional after
A. Microsporogenesis
B. Megasporogenesis
C. Pollination
D. Fertilization
Answer: C
Explanation: Pollen germinates on stigma.
Q48. Number of male gametes involved in fertilization
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
Answer: B
Explanation: One for syngamy, one for triple fusion.
Q49. Pollen tube growth is guided by
A. Egg cell
B. Antipodals
C. Synergids
D. Polar nuclei
Answer: C
Explanation: Filiform apparatus secretes chemicals.
Q50. Advantage of cross-pollination is
A. No variation
B. Inbreeding depression
C. Genetic variation
D. Homozygosity
Answer: C
Explanation: Leads to better adaptability.
