🌿 UNIT VI: Reproduction 🌿
CH 2: Human Reproduction
Concepts: Menstrual Cycle
1. The menstrual cycle in humans is regulated by:
A. Only ovaries
B. Only uterus
C. Hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries
D. Adrenal glands
Answer: C
Explanation: The menstrual cycle is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis.
2. The average length of a normal menstrual cycle is:
A. 14 days
B. 21 days
C. 28 days
D. 35 days
Answer: C
Explanation: A normal menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days.
3. The first day of menstruation marks the:
A. End of cycle
B. Middle of cycle
C. Beginning of cycle
D. Ovulatory phase
Answer: C
Explanation: Menstruation is considered day 1 of the cycle.
4. Menstrual phase occurs due to:
A. Rise in estrogen
B. Rise in progesterone
C. Drop in estrogen and progesterone
D. LH surge
Answer: C
Explanation: Hormonal decline leads to shedding of endometrium.
5. Normal duration of menstrual bleeding is:
A. 1–2 days
B. 3–5 days
C. 7–10 days
D. 10–15 days
Answer: B
Explanation: Menstrual bleeding normally lasts 3–5 days.
6. Which hormone stimulates follicular development?
A. LH
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. Progesterone
Answer: C
Explanation: FSH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles.
7. The follicular phase is also called:
A. Secretory phase
B. Menstrual phase
C. Proliferative phase
D. Luteal phase
Answer: C
Explanation: During this phase, the endometrium proliferates.
8. Estrogen is mainly secreted by:
A. Corpus luteum
B. Developing follicles
C. Pituitary gland
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: B
Explanation: Growing follicles secrete estrogen.
9. Ovulation occurs approximately on:
A. Day 5
B. Day 10
C. Day 14
D. Day 28
Answer: C
Explanation: Ovulation usually occurs on day 14 of a 28-day cycle.
10. Ovulation is triggered by:
A. FSH surge
B. Estrogen drop
C. LH surge
D. Progesterone surge
Answer: C
Explanation: A sudden rise in LH causes ovulation.
11. The released ovum enters the:
A. Uterus
B. Cervix
C. Fallopian tube
D. Vagina
Answer: C
Explanation: Ovum is released into the fallopian tube.
12. The fertile period in a menstrual cycle is:
A. Day 1–5
B. Day 6–10
C. Day 11–16
D. Day 20–28
Answer: C
Explanation: Fertility is highest around ovulation.
13. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle forms:
A. Graafian follicle
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Oogonium
Answer: B
Explanation: Corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle.
14. Corpus luteum secretes:
A. Estrogen only
B. FSH only
C. Progesterone mainly
D. LH only
Answer: C
Explanation: Progesterone prepares uterus for implantation.
15. The luteal phase lasts from:
A. Day 1–5
B. Day 6–13
C. Day 14 only
D. Day 15–28
Answer: D
Explanation: Luteal phase follows ovulation.
16. Progesterone is important for:
A. Ovulation
B. Follicle growth
C. Implantation
D. Menstrual bleeding
Answer: C
Explanation: Progesterone prepares endometrium for implantation.
17. If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum:
A. Grows
B. Produces estrogen
C. Degenerates
D. Forms ovum
Answer: C
Explanation: Degeneration causes hormone drop and menstruation.
18. Menstruation does not occur during:
A. Puberty
B. Pregnancy
C. Ovulation
D. Menopause
Answer: B
Explanation: Hormones maintain endometrium during pregnancy.
19. Menarche refers to:
A. First ovulation
B. First menstruation
C. Last menstruation
D. Menstrual disorder
Answer: B
Explanation: Menarche is the onset of menstruation.
20. Menopause marks:
A. Beginning of reproduction
B. Ovulation
C. End of menstrual cycle
D. Pregnancy
Answer: C
Explanation: Menopause is permanent cessation of menstruation.
21. Proliferative phase involves:
A. Breakdown of endometrium
B. Thickening of endometrium
C. Implantation
D. Shedding of blood
Answer: B
22. Secretory phase prepares uterus for:
A. Ovulation
B. Menstruation
C. Fertilization
D. Implantation
Answer: D
23. LH and FSH are secreted by:
A. Ovary
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pituitary gland
D. Uterus
Answer: C
24. GnRH is secreted by:
A. Ovary
B. Pituitary
C. Hypothalamus
D. Corpus luteum
Answer: C
25. Which hormone shows positive feedback?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. Prolactin
Answer: B
Explanation: High estrogen triggers LH surge.
26. Implantation normally occurs in:
A. Ovary
B. Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Cervix
Answer: C
27. Menstrual blood contains:
A. Only blood
B. Only mucus
C. Endometrial tissue, blood, mucus
D. Ovum only
Answer: C
28. The ovarian cycle includes:
A. Menstrual and secretory phases
B. Follicular, ovulation, luteal phases
C. Proliferative phase only
D. Menstrual phase only
Answer: B
29. Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
A. Estrogen
B. LH
C. Progesterone
D. FSH
Answer: C
30. Menstrual cycle normally occurs in:
A. All females
B. Pregnant females
C. Reproductive age females
D. Post-menopausal females
Answer: C
31. The uterine lining is called:
A. Myometrium
B. Perimetrium
C. Endometrium
D. Epithelium
Answer: C
32. Excessive menstrual bleeding is called:
A. Amenorrhea
B. Dysmenorrhea
C. Menorrhagia
D. Oligomenorrhea
Answer: C
33. Painful menstruation is termed:
A. Amenorrhea
B. Dysmenorrhea
C. Menorrhagia
D. Ovulation
Answer: B
34. Absence of menstruation is known as:
A. Amenorrhea
B. Menorrhagia
C. Dysmenorrhea
D. Ovulation
Answer: A
35. Which phase has maximum progesterone level?
A. Follicular
B. Ovulatory
C. Luteal
D. Menstrual
Answer: C
36. Endometrium is shed during:
A. Ovulation
B. Proliferative phase
C. Menstrual phase
D. Secretory phase
Answer: C
37. Corpus luteum is functional for:
A. 1–2 days
B. 5–7 days
C. 10–12 days
D. Whole life
Answer: C
38. Which phase repairs endometrium?
A. Menstrual
B. Proliferative
C. Secretory
D. Ovulatory
Answer: B
39. Ovum survives for about:
A. 12 hours
B. 24 hours
C. 48 hours
D. 72 hours
Answer: B
40. Spermatogenesis and menstrual cycle are similar because:
A. Both occur monthly
B. Both are hormonally controlled
C. Both stop at puberty
D. Both occur in uterus
Answer: B
41. Menstrual cycle stops permanently at:
A. Menarche
B. Pregnancy
C. Menopause
D. Ovulation
Answer: C
42. Which hormone inhibits FSH during follicular phase?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. LH
D. Prolactin
Answer: B
43. Graafian follicle contains:
A. Primary oocyte
B. Secondary oocyte
C. Ovum only
D. Polar body
Answer: B
44. Which phase has maximum estrogen level?
A. Menstrual
B. Follicular
C. Ovulatory
D. Luteal
Answer: C
45. Implantation occurs around:
A. Day 5
B. Day 10
C. Day 21
D. Day 28
Answer: C
46. Menstrual cycle is absent during:
A. Puberty
B. Menarche
C. Pregnancy
D. Ovulation
Answer: C
47. Which hormone causes thickening of endometrium initially?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. LH
D. FSH
Answer: B
48. Corpus albicans is formed from:
A. Graafian follicle
B. Ovum
C. Degenerated corpus luteum
D. Endometrium
Answer: C
49. Ovulatory phase is the shortest phase because:
A. Hormones decrease
B. Ovum degenerates quickly
C. LH surge is brief
D. Estrogen is absent
Answer: C
50. The main purpose of menstrual cycle is to:
A. Remove waste
B. Maintain hormones
C. Prepare uterus for pregnancy
D. Produce hormones only
Answer: C
