🌿 UNIT VI: Reproduction 🌿
CH 2: Human Reproduction
Concepts: Parturition
1. Parturition refers to:
A. Fertilization of ovum
B. Expulsion of fetus from uterus
C. Implantation of blastocyst
D. Formation of placenta
Answer: B
Explanation: Parturition is the process of childbirth, i.e., expulsion of fetus.
2. The typical duration of human pregnancy is:
A. 6 months
B. 7 months
C. 9 months
D. 12 months
Answer: C
Explanation: Normal gestation period is ~280 days (9 months).
3. Which hormone is mainly responsible for uterine contractions during labor?
A. Progesterone
B. Oxytocin
C. hCG
D. Estrogen
Answer: B
Explanation: Oxytocin from posterior pituitary triggers contractions.
4. The process of dilation of cervix occurs in which stage of parturition?
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Preterm stage
Answer: A
5. The stage in which the baby is expelled is called:
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Amniotic stage
Answer: B
6. The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled in:
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Gestational stage
Answer: C
7. The rupture of amniotic sac is commonly called:
A. Water breaking
B. Placenta expulsion
C. Ovulation
D. Fertilization
Answer: A
8. Positive feedback mechanism during labor refers to:
A. Uterine contractions stimulate more oxytocin
B. Oxytocin inhibits contractions
C. Placenta formation
D. Progesterone secretion
Answer: A
9. Which hormone increases uterine sensitivity to oxytocin?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. hCG
D. FSH
Answer: B
10. Strong uterine contractions are enhanced by:
A. Progesterone
B. Prostaglandins
C. Testosterone
D. LH
Answer: B
11. Which of the following is NOT a stage of parturition?
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Ovulation stage
Answer: D
12. Expulsion of placenta is also called:
A. Afterbirth
B. Parturition
C. Implantation
D. Gestation
Answer: A
13. First stage of parturition usually lasts:
A. 1–2 hours
B. 6–12 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 30 minutes
Answer: B
14. During parturition, the fetus is delivered in which position in most cases?
A. Breech
B. Cephalic (head first)
C. Transverse
D. Posterior
Answer: B
15. Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy until parturition?
A. Placenta
B. Corpus luteum
C. Ovary
D. Amnion
Answer: A
16. Which hormone prepares the cervix for childbirth?
A. Progesterone
B. Relaxin
C. Oxytocin
D. hCG
Answer: B
17. Dilation of cervix is mainly caused by:
A. Oxytocin and prostaglandins
B. FSH
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone
Answer: A
18. Rupture of amniotic sac occurs typically in which stage?
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Implantation stage
Answer: A
19. Which hormone is secreted by posterior pituitary to aid parturition?
A. Oxytocin
B. hCG
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
Answer: A
20. The cervical canal widens to allow fetal passage in:
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Gestation
Answer: A
21. Strong uterine contractions occur during:
A. Dilation stage
B. Expulsion stage
C. Placental stage
D. Fertilization
Answer: B
22. The amniotic fluid helps during labor by:
A. Nourishing the fetus
B. Cushioning and lubricating the birth canal
C. Secreting hormones
D. Forming placenta
Answer: B
23. Positive feedback in parturition refers to:
A. Cervical dilation triggers oxytocin release
B. Progesterone inhibits contractions
C. Placenta secretes estrogen
D. hCG secretion
Answer: A
24. The third stage of parturition is:
A. Dilation
B. Expulsion
C. Placental
D. Lactation
Answer: C
25. Expulsion of the baby may take:
A. 30 min – 2 hours
B. 6–12 hours
C. 24–48 hours
D. 10–15 minutes
Answer: A
26. Which hormone relaxes the ligaments of pelvis during childbirth?
A. Oxytocin
B. Relaxin
C. Progesterone
D. Estrogen
Answer: B
27. Placenta acts as a:
A. Respiratory organ
B. Endocrine organ
C. Both A & B
D. Excretory organ only
Answer: C
28. Contractions of uterus are initiated by:
A. Fetal movements
B. Oxytocin
C. Progesterone drop
D. All of the above
Answer: D
29. The amniotic sac ruptures due to:
A. Increased pressure from fetus
B. Hormonal changes
C. Contractions
D. All of the above
Answer: D
30. The cervix softens and thins before childbirth. This process is called:
A. Effacement
B. Dilation
C. Expulsion
D. Implantation
Answer: A
31. Which hormone triggers milk let-down reflex post childbirth?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin
C. Progesterone
D. hCG
Answer: A
32. Stage in which membranes and placenta are delivered is called:
A. Expulsion stage
B. Placental stage
C. Dilation stage
D. Lactation stage
Answer: B
33. The onset of labor is marked by:
A. Increase in progesterone
B. Uterine contractions and rupture of amniotic sac
C. Ovulation
D. Fertilization
Answer: B
34. Which is true regarding oxytocin during labor?
A. Secreted by anterior pituitary
B. Inhibits contractions
C. Secreted by posterior pituitary and enhances contractions
D. Secretes estrogen
Answer: C
35. The normal presentation of fetus during childbirth is:
A. Breech
B. Transverse
C. Cephalic (head first)
D. Feet first
Answer: C
36. Cervical dilation in first pregnancy may last:
A. 1–2 hours
B. 6–12 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 48 hours
Answer: B
37. Expulsion stage of parturition is controlled mainly by:
A. Progesterone
B. Oxytocin
C. hCG
D. FSH
Answer: B
38. After childbirth, which hormone helps contract uterus to prevent bleeding?
A. Oxytocin
B. Relaxin
C. hCG
D. Progesterone
Answer: A
39. Labor pains are due to:
A. Uterine contractions
B. Cervical dilation
C. Stretching of uterus
D. All of the above
Answer: D
40. Third stage of labor ensures:
A. Baby delivery
B. Expulsion of placenta
C. Milk secretion
D. Fertilization
Answer: B
41. Oxytocin works via:
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Neutral feedback
D. No feedback
Answer: B
42. Which hormone softens cervix before labor?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Relaxin
D. hCG
Answer: C
43. Delivery of baby before 37 weeks is called:
A. Full-term birth
B. Preterm birth
C. Post-term birth
D. Induced labor
Answer: B
44. Induced labor may be done using:
A. hCG
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. Relaxin
Answer: C
45. The process of labor helps in:
A. Expulsion of fetus
B. Expulsion of placenta
C. Preparing mother for lactation
D. All of the above
Answer: D
46. Strong uterine contractions occur due to:
A. High progesterone
B. Oxytocin and prostaglandins
C. FSH and LH
D. hCG
Answer: B
47. Cervical dilation is measured in:
A. Centimeters
B. Inches
C. Meters
D. Millimeters
Answer: A
48. Water breaking occurs due to:
A. Increased fetal movement
B. Pressure on amniotic sac
C. Hormonal changes
D. All of the above
Answer: D
49. Which hormone ensures positive feedback during parturition?
A. Progesterone
B. Oxytocin
C. Relaxin
D. hCG
Answer: B
50. Afterbirth refers to:
A. Baby delivery
B. Placenta and membranes delivery
C. Breastfeeding
D. Labor pains
Answer: B
