🌿 UNIT VI: Reproduction 🌿
CH 2: Human Reproduction
Concepts: Pregnancy and Placenta Formation
1. Pregnancy in humans begins with:
A. Fertilization
B. Ovulation
C. Implantation
D. Parturition
Answer: C
Explanation: Pregnancy starts only after successful implantation of blastocyst.
2. The total duration of human pregnancy is approximately:
A. 200 days
B. 240 days
C. 280 days
D. 300 days
Answer: C
3. The period of pregnancy is also known as:
A. Ovulation period
B. Gestation period
C. Menstrual phase
D. Luteal phase
Answer: B
4. Which hormone maintains the uterine lining during pregnancy?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. LH
D. FSH
Answer: B
5. The placenta is a:
A. Permanent organ
B. Muscular organ
C. Temporary endocrine organ
D. Digestive organ
Answer: C
6. Placenta is formed by interaction of:
A. Ovum and sperm
B. Embryo and ovary
C. Trophoblast and endometrium
D. Chorion and amnion
Answer: C
7. The fetal part of placenta develops from:
A. Endometrium
B. Chorionic villi
C. Uterine wall
D. Amnion
Answer: B
8. The maternal part of placenta is derived from:
A. Trophoblast
B. Chorion
C. Endometrium
D. Amnion
Answer: C
9. The structure that connects fetus to placenta is:
A. Amnion
B. Chorion
C. Umbilical cord
D. Allantois
Answer: C
10. Umbilical cord contains:
A. One artery and one vein
B. Two arteries and one vein
C. Two veins and one artery
D. Only veins
Answer: B
11. The hormone detected by pregnancy test kits is:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. hCG
D. Oxytocin
Answer: C
12. hCG is secreted by:
A. Corpus luteum
B. Endometrium
C. Trophoblast
D. Pituitary gland
Answer: C
13. Which hormone prevents uterine contractions during pregnancy?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. LH
D. Oxytocin
Answer: B
14. Placenta performs all the following functions except:
A. Nutrition
B. Respiration
C. Excretion
D. Gamete formation
Answer: D
15. Oxygen is supplied to fetus through:
A. Umbilical arteries
B. Umbilical vein
C. Amniotic fluid
D. Chorionic villi only
Answer: B
16. Which waste is removed from fetus by placenta?
A. Glucose
B. Oxygen
C. Urea
D. Amino acids
Answer: C
17. Placenta acts as an endocrine gland because it secretes:
A. FSH and LH
B. Insulin and glucagon
C. Estrogen and progesterone
D. Thyroxine
Answer: C
18. The placental hormone that prepares mammary glands is:
A. hCG
B. Progesterone
C. hPL
D. Oxytocin
Answer: C
19. The exchange of materials between mother and fetus occurs by:
A. Direct blood mixing
B. Active transport only
C. Diffusion across placenta
D. Osmosis only
Answer: C
20. Maternal and fetal blood:
A. Mix freely
B. Never come close
C. Are separated by placental membrane
D. Mix during late pregnancy
Answer: C
21. Antibodies transferred from mother to fetus are:
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Answer: C
22. Placental barrier prevents transfer of:
A. Oxygen
B. Antibodies
C. Large proteins
D. Glucose
Answer: C
23. After 8 weeks of development, embryo is called:
A. Zygote
B. Morula
C. Blastocyst
D. Fetus
Answer: D
24. Which trimester is most critical for organ formation?
A. First trimester
B. Second trimester
C. Third trimester
D. Postnatal period
Answer: A
25. Which hormone triggers parturition?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. hCG
Answer: C
26. The uterine lining after implantation is called:
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
C. Perimetrium
D. Decidua
Answer: D
27. The placenta also helps in:
A. Immune protection
B. Digestion of food
C. Gamete formation
D. Menstruation
Answer: A
28. Which of the following can cross the placental barrier?
A. All bacteria
B. Alcohol
C. Large proteins
D. Red blood cells
Answer: B
29. Placenta is discarded:
A. During pregnancy
B. After fertilization
C. At parturition
D. During implantation
Answer: C
30. Which hormone prepares uterus for lactation?
A. hCG
B. Estrogen
C. hPL
D. FSH
Answer: C
31. Pregnancy is maintained mainly by:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. Prolactin
Answer: B
32. Exchange of nutrients occurs mainly through:
A. Amnion
B. Chorion
C. Chorionic villi
D. Yolk sac
Answer: C
33. Placenta is attached to uterine wall by:
A. Amnion
B. Chorionic villi
C. Umbilical cord
D. Allantois
Answer: B
34. Umbilical arteries carry:
A. Oxygenated blood
B. Deoxygenated blood
C. Mixed blood
D. Lymph
Answer: B
35. Placenta starts developing:
A. Before fertilization
B. After implantation
C. During ovulation
D. After parturition
Answer: B
36. Which hormone is responsible for maintaining corpus luteum?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. hCG
D. LH
Answer: C
37. Human pregnancy is divided into:
A. Two trimesters
B. Three trimesters
C. Four trimesters
D. Five phases
Answer: B
38. Which structure surrounds the fetus and contains amniotic fluid?
A. Chorion
B. Amnion
C. Allantois
D. Yolk sac
Answer: B
39. Placenta supplies energy to fetus mainly in the form of:
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Glucose
D. Minerals
Answer: C
40. Which hormone level remains high throughout pregnancy?
A. FSH
B. LH
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Answer: C
41. Implantation normally occurs in:
A. Cervix
B. Fallopian tube
C. Uterus
D. Ovary
Answer: C
42. Placenta also helps in removal of:
A. Oxygen
B. Glucose
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Antibodies
Answer: C
43. The maternal blood spaces in placenta are called:
A. Sinusoids
B. Capillaries
C. Lacunae
D. Veins
Answer: C
44. Which hormone prepares mammary glands for milk secretion?
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. Prolactin
D. hCG
Answer: C
45. Placenta ensures fetal protection by:
A. Direct immunity
B. Antibody transfer
C. Blood mixing
D. Enzyme secretion
Answer: B
46. The placenta is expelled:
A. Before birth
B. During fertilization
C. After birth of baby
D. During implantation
Answer: C
47. Which hormone causes uterine contraction during childbirth?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Oxytocin
D. hPL
Answer: C
48. The fetal blood and maternal blood:
A. Mix directly
B. Never come in contact
C. Are separated by membranes
D. Mix during parturition
Answer: C
49. Which placental hormone is protein in nature?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. hPL
D. Testosterone
Answer: C
50. Pregnancy ends with:
A. Implantation
B. Fertilization
C. Parturition
D. Ovulation
Answer: C
