Question 1

Who is known as the Father of Genetics?

Explanation: Gregor Johann Mendel conducted systematic experiments on pea plants and discovered the fundamental laws governing inheritance of traits. His work laid the foundation of genetics.

Question 2

Mendel performed his experiments on which plant?

Explanation: Mendel chose pea plants (Pisum sativum) because they have clear contrasting traits, a short life cycle, and can be easily cross-pollinated.

Question 3

Which of the following characters of pea plant is dominant?

Explanation: Round seed shape is dominant over wrinkled seed shape. A dominant trait expresses itself even when present in only one copy.

Question 4

The alternative forms of a gene are called:

Explanation: Alleles are different forms of the same gene occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 5

Which law states that one allele can mask the expression of another?

Explanation: The Law of Dominance states that in a heterozygous condition, the dominant allele expresses itself while the recessive allele remains hidden.

Question 6

What is the phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross?

Explanation: In a monohybrid cross, the F₂ generation shows a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes.

Question 7

What is the genotypic ratio in F₂ generation of a monohybrid cross?

Explanation: The genotypic ratio is 1 homozygous dominant : 2 heterozygous : 1 homozygous recessive.

Question 8

Law of Segregation is also called:

Explanation: Alleles separate during gamete formation, ensuring genetic purity.

Question 9

Recessive trait reappears in which generation?

Explanation: Recessive traits are masked in F₁ but reappear in F₂.

Question 10

Which cross studies inheritance of two traits simultaneously?

Explanation: A dihybrid cross involves two pairs of contrasting traits.

Question 11

Phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation of a dihybrid cross is:

Explanation: The 9:3:3:1 ratio confirms independent assortment.

Question 12

Law of Independent Assortment applies to genes that are:

Explanation: Genes on different chromosomes assort independently.

Question 13

Which trait is recessive in pea plant?

Explanation: Green seed colour is recessive to yellow.

Question 14

An organism with genotype Tt is called:

Explanation: Tt contains two different alleles → heterozygous.

Question 15

Homozygous condition means:

Explanation: Homozygous individuals carry identical alleles (TT / tt).

Question 16

Which generation is always uniform?

Explanation: F₁ generation expresses only dominant traits.

Question 17

The physical appearance of an organism is called:

Explanation: Phenotype refers to observable traits.

Question 18

The genetic makeup of an organism is called:

Explanation: Genotype represents allelic composition.

Question 19

Mendel studied how many contrasting traits?

Explanation: Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits.

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT obey Mendel’s law of dominance?

Explanation: In codominance, both alleles express equally.

Question 21

TT × tt produces F₁ plants that are:

Explanation: All F₁ plants are heterozygous (Tt) and express the dominant tall trait.

Question 22

Genes are located on:

Explanation: Genes are segments of DNA present on chromosomes.

Question 23

Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by:

Explanation: Sutton and Boveri explained that genes are carried on chromosomes.

Question 24

Crossing an individual with homozygous recessive is called:

Explanation: Test cross helps determine genotype of dominant phenotype.

Question 25

Which ratio indicates genotypic ratio?

Explanation: 1:2:1 represents distribution of genotypes.

Question 26

Independent assortment occurs during:

Explanation: Chromosomes assort independently during meiosis.

Question 27

Linked genes do not follow:

Explanation: Linked genes are inherited together.

Question 28

Pure breeding lines are always:

Explanation: Pure lines contain identical alleles.

Question 29

Number of gametes produced by RrYy genotype is:

Explanation: RrYy → RY, Ry, rY, ry.

Question 30

Mendel’s experiments were based on:

Explanation: Mendel applied mathematical ratios to offspring data.

Question 31

Which trait is dominant in pea plant?

Explanation: Tall stem is dominant over dwarf.

Question 32

Law of segregation explains:

Question 33

Which generation shows maximum variation?

Explanation: F₂ generation shows recombination of traits.

Question 34

Mendel’s work was rediscovered in:

Question 35

The basic unit of inheritance is:

Question 36

Which scientist is known as the Father of Genetics?

Explanation: Gregor Johann Mendel is called the Father of Genetics.

Question 36

Which scientist is known as the Father of Genetics?

Explanation: Gregor Johann Mendel is called the Father of Genetics.

Question 37

Which of the following is a recessive trait in pea plants?

Question 39

Which cross involves only one trait?

Question 40

Phenotype refers to:

Question 41

Which law explains the masking effect?

Question 42

Which of the following shows codominance?

Question 43

Incomplete dominance results in:

Question 44

Which ratio belongs to a dihybrid cross?

Question 45

Alleles separate during:

Question 46

Which structure carries hereditary information?

Question 47

Which is NOT a Mendelian law?

Question 48

Which genotype produces only one type of gamete?

Question 49

Which scientist worked on fruit flies?

Question 50

Mendel’s laws apply to traits controlled by:

Explanation: Mendelian inheritance involves single gene traits.